#!/usr/bin/env python3

class cache_property:
    """
    Property that only computes its value once when first accessed, and caches the result.
    """
    def __init__(self, function):
        self.function = function
        self.name = function.__name__

    def __get__(self, obj, type=None) -> object:
        obj.__dict__[self.name] = self.function(obj)
        return obj.__dict__[self.name]


class SetClass(list):
    """
    Musical set class, containing zero or more pitch classes.
    """
    def __init__(self, *args: int, tonality: int = 12):
        """
        Instantiate a Class Set with a series of integers. Each pitch class is "normalised" by
        modulo the tonality; the set is sorted in ascending order; and values "rotated" until the
        lowest value is 0. For a number of divisions of the octave other than the default (Western
        harmony) value of 12, supply an integer value using the 'tonality' keyword. Example:

          sc = SetClass(0, 7, 9)
          sc = SetClass(0, 2, 3, tonality=7)
        """
        self._tonality = tonality

        # deduplicate arg values, modulo each by tonality
        pitches = set()
        for i in set({*args}):
            try:
                pitches.add(int(i) % tonality)
            except ValueError:
                raise ValueError("Requires integer arguments (use 10 and 11 for 'T' and 'E')")

        # if necessary "rotate" so that the lowest non-zero interval is zero
        if pitches:
            n = min(pitches)
            pitches = [i - n for i in pitches]

        # in ascending order
        for i in sorted(pitches):
            super().append(i)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        """Return the Python instance string representation."""
        return f"SetClass{self.pitch_classes}".replace(' ', '')

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return sum([hash(i) for i in self.pitch_classes])

    @property
    def pitch_classes(self):
        return list(self)

    @cache_property
    def tonality(self) -> int:
        """
        Returns the number of (equal) divisions of the octave. The default value is 12, which
        represents traditional Western chromatic harmony, the octave divided into twelve semitones.
        """
        return self._tonality

    @cache_property
    def cardinality(self) -> int:
        """Returns the cardinality of the set class, i.e. the number of pitch classes."""
        return len(self.pitch_classes)

    @cache_property
    def brightness(self) -> int:
        """Returns the brightness of the set class, defined as the sum of the pitch class values."""
        return sum(self.pitch_classes)

    @cache_property
    def adjacency_intervals(self):
        """Adjacency intervals between the pitch classes, used for Leonard notation subscripts."""
        if not self.pitch_classes:
            return list()
        intervals = list()
        prev = None
        for i in self.pitch_classes:
            if prev is not None:
                intervals.append(i - prev)
            prev = i
        intervals.append(self.tonality - prev)
        return intervals

    @cache_property
    def versions(self):
        """
        Returns all possible zero-normalised versions (clock rotations) of this set class,
        sorted by brightness.
        """
        # The empty set class has one version, itself
        if not self.pitch_classes:
            return [self]

        versions = set()
        for i in self.pitch_classes:
            translate = self.tonality - i
            versions.add(SetClass(*[j + translate for j in self.pitch_classes], tonality=self.tonality))
        versions = list(versions)
        versions.sort(key=lambda x: x.brightness)
        return versions

    @cache_property
    def darkest_form(self):
        """
        Returns the version with the smallest brightness value.
        TODO: How to break a tie? Or return all matches in a tuple? Sorted by what?
        """
        return self.versions[0] if self.versions else self

    @cache_property
    def brightest_form(self):
        """
        Returns the version with the largest brightness value.
        TODO: How to break a tie? Or return all matches in a tuple? Sorted by what?
        """
        return self.versions[-1] if self.versions else self

    @cache_property
    def complement(self):
        """
        Returns the set class containing all pitch classes absent in this one (rotated so the
        smallest is 0).
        """
        return SetClass(*[i for i in range(self.tonality) if i not in self.pitch_classes], tonality=self.tonality)

    @cache_property
    def dozenal_notation(self) -> str:
        """
        If tonality is no greater than 12, return a string representation using Dozenal Society
        characters '↊' for 10 and '↋' for 11 (the Pitman forms from Unicode 8.0 release, 2015).
        """
        return f"{self}" if self.tonality > 12 else f"{self}".replace('10', '↊').replace('11', '↋')

    @cache_property
    def duodecimal_notation(self) -> str:
        """
        If tonality is no greater than 12, replace 10 and 11 with 'T' and 'E'.
        """
        return f"{self}" if self.tonality > 12 else f"{self}".replace('10', 'T').replace('11', 'E')

    @cache_property
    def leonard_notation(self) -> str:
        """
        Returns a string representation of this set class using subscripts to denote the adjacency
        intervals between the pitch classes instead of commas, and the overall brightness (sum of
        pitch class values) denoted as a superscript. For example, Forte 5-20, {0,1,5,6,8} is
        notated [0₁1₄5₁6₂8₄]²⁰
        """
        # Return numbers as subscript and superscript strings:
        def subscript(n: int) -> str:
            return "".join(["₀₁₂₃₄₅₆₇₈₉"[int(i)] for i in str(n)])

        def superscript(n: int) -> str:
            return "".join(["⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹"[int(i)] for i in str(n)])

        pitches = ""
        for i in range(self.cardinality):
            pitch = self.pitch_classes[i]
            sub = subscript(self.adjacency_intervals[i])
            pitches += f"{pitch}{sub}"
        sup = superscript(self.brightness)
        return f"[{pitches}]{sup}"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Running tests:")

    # Forte 0-1, the empty set
    empty = SetClass()
    print(f"Forte 0-1: {empty}")
    assert empty.tonality == 12
    assert empty.cardinality == 0
    assert empty.brightness == 0
    assert len(empty) == 0
    assert len(empty.pitch_classes) == 0
    assert len(empty.adjacency_intervals) == 0
    assert empty.leonard_notation == '[]⁰'
    print(f"  Leonard: {empty.leonard_notation}")
    assert len(empty.versions) == 1
    print(f"  Versions ({len(empty.versions)}):")
    for i in empty.versions:
        print(f"    {i.leonard_notation}")
    assert empty.brightest_form == empty.darkest_form

    # Forte 12-1, the complement of empty (full set)
    f121 = empty.complement
    print(f"Forte 12-1: {empty}")
    assert f121 == SetClass(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
    assert f121.tonality == 12
    assert f121.cardinality == 12
    assert f121.brightness == 66
    assert len(f121) == 12
    assert len(f121.pitch_classes) == 12
    assert len(f121.adjacency_intervals) == 12
    assert f121.leonard_notation == '[0₁1₁2₁3₁4₁5₁6₁7₁8₁9₁10₁11₁]⁶⁶'
    assert len(f121.versions) == 1
    assert f121.brightest_form == f121.darkest_form

    # Forte 5-20
    f520 = SetClass(0, 1, 5, 6, 8)
    print(f"{f520}")
    assert f520.tonality == 12
    assert f520.cardinality == 5
    assert f520.brightness == 20
    assert len(f520) == 5
    assert len(f520.pitch_classes) == 5
    print(f"Adjacency intervals: {f520.adjacency_intervals}")
    assert len(f520.adjacency_intervals) == 5
    assert len(f520.versions) == 5
    print(f"Leonard notation: {f520.leonard_notation}")
    assert f520.leonard_notation == '[0₁1₄5₁6₂8₄]²⁰'

    assert f520.brightest_form.leonard_notation == '[0₄4₁5₄9₁10₂]²⁸'
    assert f520.brightest_form == SetClass(0, 4, 5, 9, 10)

    sc = f520
    co = f520.complement
    print(f"Versions ({len(sc.versions)}):")
    for i in sc.versions:
        print(f"    {i.leonard_notation}")
    print(f"Brightest form: {sc.brightest_form.leonard_notation}")
    print(f"Darkest form: {sc.darkest_form.leonard_notation}")
    print()

    print(f"Complement: {co}")
    print(f"Adjacency intervals: {co.adjacency_intervals}")
    print(f"Leonard notation: {co.leonard_notation}")
    print(f"Versions ({len(co.versions)}):")
    for i in co.versions:
        print(f"    {i.leonard_notation}")
    print(f"Darkest form: {co.darkest_form}")